Ingot-mold.



H. D. HIBBARD.

INGOT MOLD. l IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII 6.

21,018,906, Patented Feb.27,1912.

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meow MOLD.

APPLICATION FILED,JUNE2,'1906. 1,018,906., Patented Feb. 27, 1912.

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INGOT MOLD.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 2,1906.

1,018,906. Patented Feb.27,1912.

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W/TlvEssEs v INVENTQR 7n Q y 7% ZW@ Q/QWTZM @mm1/1M HENRY D. HIBBARD, 0F PLAINFIEI), NEW JERSEY.

INGOT-MOLD.

Specification of Letters Patent. Application 'led June 2, 1906. Serial No. 319,851.

Patented Feb. 27, 1912.

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, HENRY D. HIBBARD, a citizen of the United States of America, residing in Plainfield, in the county of Union, State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Ingot-Molds, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact specification.

A steel ingot of solid piping steel cast in an ordinary mold, largest at the bottom, is liable to have a pipe or central cavity extending downward from the top of the ingot for about two thirds of its length. In such an ingot there is also a concentration of the impurities in the steel about the central axis of the ingot in the metal last to congeal, due to the accumulation of said impurities according to the action known as segregation. Both this piping and this segregation constitute serious defects in the ingot for many industrial purposes. To avoid these defects, it is customary to use purer stock than would otherwise be required, and on the other hand, it is not unusual to reject and cut off a large proportion, someti'mes as much as one-third of the ingot, to get rid of most of the pipe. Both these methods of meeting the difflcultiesl involve great expense.

By my present invention, I aim, first, to limit the natural extent or tendency of the pipe downwardly into the ingot, secondly, to make the top portion of the ingot containing the pipe cool slowly in part, so as to lessen its resistance to crushing, and thirdly, to compress that part so as to prevent piping and to force up and out to the top of the ingot the last metal to remain liquid and thereby to prevent at once the pipe and the objectionable segregation.

In the accompanying drawings Figure l isa vertical section, and Fig. 2 is a corresponding sectional plan view of a collapsible ingot mold embodying my invention; Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the mold` provided with pressure-producing means; Fig.

4 is a sectional plan view of the same; Figs. 5 to 8 inclusive are sectional views of different forms of joints; Figs. 9 and 10 are plan views showing other methods of arranging the refractory filling or lining;

Fig.' 11 is a perspective view of another style of ingot mold; and Fig. 12 is a sectional plan view of the same.

In Fig. 1, I have indicated graphically `by lines the manner in which the metal gs. 1 and 2)` hydraulic or other suitable pressure-producmg means. In other words, rthe mold may be described as collapsible.

I prefer to make the mold tapering as indicated in Fig. l, with the larger internal cross-sectional area at the top, Vor in other words, to form the ingot with the less mas-.

sive end at the bottom. In collapsin the mold I prefer to have the lower en s of the parts close together (Fig. 3) and t0 apply the pressureeto the larger upper end, so as to tend to squeeze the pipe impurities upwardly and outwardly to the top of the lngot.

The joint between the two parts of the ingot mold may be in the form of an overlapping metal joint as shown at B, in Fig. 2, and the inner face of the joint is covered with a crushable lining of non-conducting material, such for instance, as cheap softburned firebrick. This serves several purposes, (l) to prevent the metal from running out of the joint, (2) to retard the cooling, and to keep hot, and therefore weak, the metal lying against it, and (3) to crush or otherwise yield under pressure applied to the parts of the mold to bring them together. In Figs. 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, I have shown variousforms of this lining as arranged alo-ng the joint between the parts of the mold. Thus in Fig. 2, I have shown plain strips C of refractory lining let into recesses along the inner face of the mold and lying flush with that inner face. In Fig. 4, I have shown strips lD of refractory material of angled cross-section and extending into the mass of the metal beyond the adjacent mold surface, to facilitate the crushing action. Other methods of constructing the joints so that they will yield easily may be employed. In Fig. 5, I have illustrated two scar-fed strips C1, C1, adapted to slip past each other -when pressure is applied to collapse the mold. In Fig. 6, I have shown two strips D1, D1, with edges such that when pressure is applied one will wedge the other apart. Or beveled edges .'11, w, (Fig. 7 may be provided on the recesses of the mold to let the strip E of refractory material slip past more easily.

In Fig. 8, I have shown shallow shoulders y to transmitthe pressure to the bricks, leavmg backof these shoulders, triangular spaces z to be filled with plastic material, such as clay, or clay and sand, which when dried and burned by the metal will constitute refractory material. pared brick, these joints may be filled with plastic material alone, which will dryv sufiiciently hard. If more strength than such plastic material will give be needed, itcan be obtained by embedding within it burned brick. Instead of having this lining as a narrow strip only along each joint between the parts of the mold, I may have the refractory lining the full width of the mold, as shown at F in Fig. 9, or in some cases, it may be permissible andl useful to line the whole inner surface of the mold as shown' at F1 in Fig. 10, but preferably only at the upper part of the mold.

As a convenient means to press the two parts of the mold together, I may use a hydraulic press such as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. In these figures, I have shown the two halves of the mold as mounted in a fianged foot piece G, and provided with adjacent notched lugs a, a, bolts b, andcotter pins b1 to hold the parts of the mold together in the. position for pouring the steel into the mold. The exterior faces of the mold parts may be provided with bosses b2 having concave faces to receive cross heads H and H1. One of these cross heads H has its opposite ends fitting in the ends of links J, and in the opposite ends of the latter are fitted the ends of a cross head K which is part of 'or fixed to a hydraulic cylinder M. The piston m of this cylinder bears on the cross head H1, whose ends are guided in the links J. A second smaller cylinder M1 has a piston m1, whose rod is connected to the piston m, to facilitate the movement of the latter to or away from its pressing position.

I have shown bosses b2 at both ends of the molds, so that both may be used if desired, but I prefer to apply the collapsing pressure to the upper and larger end only of the mold, so that pressure may be applied toward the upper outer end not only to reduce the volume of the metal to compensate for the loss of volume, which would otherwise be represented by the pipe, but also to squeeze out segregated impurities toward the end of the ingot.

As already explained, I prefer to a ply the refractory lining to the sides only o the mold and by preference along the jointsv Instead of pre' only. The collapsing action is applied after the steel has been poured and the pipe has begun to form, and as the parts of the metal adjacent to the non-conducting linings or strips at the side of the mold are kept relatively hot andl therefore weak, while the other parts of the ingot are cooled more quickly by the lnetallic faces of the mold, the compressing action on the metal is facilitated, and on the other hand, the time requiredto complete the ingot is shortened as much as possible. The pressure should of course be continued as long as the pipe tends to form.

The inner walls of each half of a twopart mold for substantially rectangular ingots may be made to flare, as shown in Fig. 4, so that when the two parts of the mold are pressed together after the steel has been poured, a side pressure will be exerted on the ingot, which will serve to prevent surface cracks and defects, which might otherwise have a tendency to form in the steel.

In the case of large ingots, to avoid danger of cracking or breaking of the ingot due to its weight and contraction, if it were held tightly at the top, the pressure should be applied intermittently. The natural contract-ion will then take place when the pressure is removed, and in a few seconds, the pressure may be appliedagain, to prevent the formation of the pipe and to force out' the segregated impurities. The pressure may however be maintained constant, if desired.

While the preferable way to make the mold especially for a substantially rectangular ingot is in two halves, as described, other forms may be used. Thus for example, a

bottle shaped ingot for armor plate is some'- times employed, as shown in Fig. 11. In such a mold, a hole may be made in the side of the mold-at the upper central part, to be closed by a plate N, as shown, and the joint to be closed by strips of non-conducting refractory lining n, Fig. 12. When the steel has been poured, pressure is applied to the plate N to force it inward to reduce the volume of the ingot, displace some of the molten metal last remaining liquid and so avoid forming the pipe in the ingot and put all segregated impurities up into the neck portion, or, in other words, out of the ingot proper.

I claim as my invention- 1. A collapsible ingot mold comprising a plurality of parts, the joints between the partsl being covered on the inside with a relatively weak material, which will yield under compressive force great enough to compress the ingot while cooling.

2. A collapsible ingot mold, comprising a plurality of arts, the joints between the parts being llned on the inside with nonconducting refractory material.

3. A collapsible metallic ingot mold having means only at the joints between the sections of the mold and at the to of the mold for retarding the cooling of t e ingot at those joints.

4. A colla sible metallic ingot mold, having strips o non-conducting material on its interior surface running lengthwise of the ingot cavity.

5. An ingot mold, divided longitudinally into two parts with spaces between them when the mold is ready to be filled o with lnetal, said spaces allowlng the parts of the mold to approach each other and being covered on the inside with crushable refractory material.

6. A collapsible ingot mold, having part of its interior surface made of non-conducting material arranged to extend into the mass of the ingot beyond the adjacent mold surface.

7. A collapsible ingot mold having a.plu rality of parts and a containing piece inter osed between said parts at their joint whlch will yield under compressive force suficient to compress the ingot while cooling.

8. A collapsible ingot mold,comprising a plurality of parts, the joints on the inner face being lined with crushable material.

9. A collapsible ingot mold, provided with means for squeezing the segregated impurities in the metal out toward one end of the cooling ingot.

10. A collapsible ingot mold, having yielding materlal at the joints, in combination wlth means for forcing together the parts of the mold to first overcome the resistance of the yielding material and then to compress the ingot.

11. A collapsible ingot mold in two vertical parts close together at their lower ends but alittle distance apart at their upper ends in combination with compressing means to act on the said upper ends.

12. A collapsible ingot mold, of larger internal cross-section at the top than at the bottom and flaring on all sides.

13. A collapsible ingot mold internally flaring on all sides whereby the ingot is compressed from all sides when thel mold is collapsed, in combination with means for reservin the heat of the ingot at the joints tween t e sections of the mold to preserve the plasticity of the ingot at this point and thereby facilitate the closing of the mold.

14. A collapsible ingot mold, internally flaring on all sides whereby the ingot is compressed from all sides when the mold is c01- lapsed, in combination with means for preserving the heat of the ingot at its top and at the joints between the sections of the mold whereby the tendency of the ingot to,

form a pipe is lessened and the closing of the mold facilitated, substantially as de-l scribed.

15. A collapsible ingot mold divided vertically and of larger internal cross-section at the top than at the bottom, in combination with means for forcing the opposite parts of the mold together.

16. A collapsible'lngot mold having coacting sections, the ends of which are internally flared outwardly from the perpendicular and the sides of which are flared out laterally toward their lneeting edges, whereby the ingot is compressed on all sides when the mold is closed.

17. A collapsible ingot mold having an upper portion of its inner face h ncd with ylelding non-conducting materlal 1n co1nb1- nation with a hydraulic press for forclng together the parts of the mold.

18. A collapsible ingot mold having a plurality'of parts movable with relation to each other, said parts being offset at their meeting -edges to receive a temporary filler, substantially as described. I

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HENRY D. HIBBARD.

Witnesses:

EDNA W. COLLINS, HUBERT HowsoN. 

